Liquid fuel burner



June 25, 1957 F. H. CROSS 2,796,924

LIQUID FUEL BURNER Filed Dec. 14, 1955 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 yn/Mm June 25, 1957 F. H. CROSS 2,796,924

LIQUID FUEL BURNER Filed Dec. 14, 1953 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 44 5/250 CROSS A'rrOR EZ LIQUID FUEL BURNER Fred H. Cross, Lansing, Mich.

Application December 14, 1953, Serial No. 397,897

2 Claims. (Cl. 158-91) This invention relates to improvements in liquid fuel burning furnaces and particularly to an improved combustion assembly.

A primary object of this invention is to provide a burner wherein the burner bowl and fuel pipe are kept entirely free from carbon formation so that the bowl and pipe never have to be cleaned.

Another object of this invention is to provide an air distributing means in a burner bowl so that the burner will always have the right amount of air for combustion without providing an air regulating means. In this respect, I have found that carbon formation in a burner bowl is caused by either too much or not enough air in the bottom of the bowl and that carbon formation on the sides of a bowl is caused by lack of air circulation at the sides, In accordance with my invention, inner air rings are mounted inside the burner bowl and are formed so that air is constantly circulated along the inside of the side wall of the bowl outwardly of the flame. The side wall of the bowl is formed with openings which en-. able air to pass through the side wall into the bowl and the air is then circulated around the inside of the side wall by means of openings formed in peripheral flanges on the rings. The flanges space the rings radially inwardly of the inside of the side wall.

By virtue of their formation and relationship to the bowl, the rings cause the air to circulate along the inside of the side wall and to pass above and below them, that is, to the bottom of the bowl and to the top, as well as permitting the air to pass through them in vertically spaced streams.

A further object of this invention is to provide means for cooling the fuel pipe with air at a point adjacent to its connection with the burner bowl. This prevents vaporization of the fuel in the pipe but does not interfere with proper vaporization thereof in the bottom of the bowl.

These and ancillary objects are attained by this invention, the preferred embodiment of which is set forth in the following description and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein:

Figure l is :a vertical sectional view of a burner installed in a furnace, shown in part;

Figure 2 is a horizontal sectional view taken on line 2-2 of Figure 1;

Figure 3 is a horizontal sectional view taken on line 3-3 of Figure 1;

Figure 4 is a vertical sectional view taken on line 4-4 of Figure 2;

Figure 5 is a side elevational view partly in section of the burner bowl;

Figure 6 is a side elevational view partly in section of one of the inner air rings;

Figure 7 is a fragmentary sectional perspective View of one of the air rings, and

Figure 8 is a fragmentary sectional view of a portion of the inside of the bowl taken on line 8-8 of Figure l 2,796,924 Patented June 25, 1957 and illustrating the means for'mounting the rings in place in the bowl.

In the drawings, a cylindrical burner bowl 10 has an annular laterally projecting mounting flange 12 formed on the upper open end of its side wall 14 and the flange is bolted to a top wall 16 of a casing 18 with the upper end of the side wall 14 aligned with the opening 20 in the top wall 16. The casing 18 is bolted to a mounting plate 22 which is [attached to the furnace. The casing 18 provides an air chamber 24 with the air issuing into the chamber from a suitable source, such as a blower 26 mounted on a plate 22.

The side wall 14 of the bowl has a right angular shoulder 28 formed on its inner surface adjacent its lower end. Above the shoulder 28, circumferentially splaced openings 30 are formed radially through the side wall 14 to provide a row of openings for the admission of air into the bowl.

A cover ring 32 is provided and is slightly concavoconvex, with its convex surface extending about .the bowl and the highest point on its concave under surface lying in the same plane as the upper edge of the bowl. The ring has a flat peripher'ial flange 34 which is formed with a reduced edge 36 that seats on the flange 12 and forms a shoulder 38 which abuts the inner surface of the side wall 14 of the bowl.

Three individual inner air distributing rings 40, 42 and 44 are provided and are formed with peripheral flanges 46, 4t; and 50.

Each of the flanges 46,48 and 50 is provided with a vertical notch 52 in its peripheral edge. As shown in Figures 8 and 5, a rib 54 is formed vertically on the inner surface of the bowl and is receivable in the notches 52. 'As shown in Figure 8, the rib 54 is tapered with the base or major end being at the bottom and the minor end at the top. Each notch 52 is tapered to slide onto the rib. Thus, the notch 52 in the flange of the bottom ring 44 is wider than the cut-out portion in the top ring 40. Due to this construction, there is no possibility that the rings can be improperly positioned in the bowl for the ring 44 must always be the bottom ring and the ring 42 must always be the center ring. This ensures that the vertical spaces between the flanges will always be the same. The flanges 46, 48 and 50, as shown in Figure 2, areeach formed with the vertical notches 52 that enable the flanges to move vertically down over the rib. Thus, in positioning the bottom ring 44 the ring is moved down in the bowl in a horizontal position, with its flange passing over the rib until the flange rests on the shoulder 28. The other rings are then stacked on top of the bottom ring, as shown in Figure 1.

Each of the rings has a concave under surface 54 and a convex upper surface 56, the upper surfaces of the rings 44 and 42 abutting the under surfaces of the rings 42 and 40, respectively, and the upper surface of the ring 40 engaging the concave under surface of the cover ring 32. Thus, the rings provide a continuous composite ring that is spaced radially from the inner surface of the side wall 14. Each of the rings is formed at its upper edge with radial grooves 60 that are circumferentially spaced along the upper edge and extend through the upper edge. Thus, the grooves 60 are semi-circular in cross-section, as shown in Figure 6 and, as shown in Figure 4, the upper open end of each groove is closed off by the under surface of the next upper ring.

It can be seen that the grooves are formed so that they incline toward the center of the rings and that they are grouped in three rows so that air entering the bowl through the openings 30 in the side wall passes through the grooves 60 in an inclined path. The blank portions of the rings deflect some of the air, which then moves vertically up and down through openings 61, 63 and 65 in the flanges to the bottom and top of the bowl.

It is to be particularly noted that, due to the cutout portions and rib mounting arrangement of the rings,-they cannot be improperly assembled, that'is, to destroy .the spacing betweenthe flanges. Also, the-rib's'keep the rings centered properly. Due-totheiop'enings in the flanges, air is constantly being circulated around the rings to prevent carbon formation on the walls of the rings and the air is being moved to the bottom for this purpose. In this respect, the burner bowl is diametrically smaller at its bottom than the rings, which prevents carbon from forming on the inside of the portion of the 7 side wall 14 below the rings.

The flanges 46 and 48 are formed with circumferen: tially spaced vertically aligned openings 61 and 63 while the flange 50 has vertical circumferentially spaced openings 65 which are disposed radially inwardly of the aligned openings 61 and 63.

Means is also provided to aid in complete carbon free combustion in the form of a cooling means for a fuel pipe 62. The pipe 62 extends through the plate 22 and through the side wall 14 of the bowl 10 just above the bottom of the bowl 10. A large opening 64 is formed in the side wall 14 and threadably receives a sleeve 66 which is concentric to the pipe 62 and radially spaced therefrom. The sleeve is inserted at its other end in one end of the head section 68 of a T-coupling, the opposite end of the coupling being held tight on the pipe 62. A tubular extension 72 is threaded into the free end of a vertical leg 74 of the T-coupling.

Air from the chamber 24 passes through the extension, into the T-coupling and through the sleeve into the bowl 10. The air thus completely surrounds the pipe 62 at out soot and the burner is free from carbon formation.

While the best known form of my invention has been disclosed herein other forms may be realized as come within the invention as defined in the appended claims.

What I claim is:

1. In a burner of the type described, a burner bowl, a casing surrounding the bpwl and forming an air chamher, said bowl having a bottom and an open upper end horizontally aligned with an opening in the casing, a fuel pipe extending through the casing and in fluid communication with the bowl slightly above the bottom thereof, means supplyingrair under pressure to the chamber, said bowl having a side wall formed with radial openings, vertically stacked air distributing Trings mounted inside the bowl above the bottom thereof and radially spaced from the side walls the succeeding rings being supported on the lower ring by resting one upon another, means mounting the rings in the bowl, said rings having means forming vertical air passages along the inside of the side wall and having radial openings for the passage of air radially therethrough whereby primary air passes to the bottom of the bowl and radially into the inside of the rings and secondary air passes radially into the inside of the upper ring and above the ring to the center thereof. a 2. The combination of claim 1, wherein said means mounting the rings includes peripheral flanges on the rings, said flanges each having a vertical groove in its peripheral edge and a vertical rib on the inside of the side wall of the bowl receivable in'said grooves which locate the rings and space them radially of the side wall of the bowl.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Germany Mar. 25, 1950 

